I am constantly inspired by the rich harmonic possibilities offered by microtonal intervals and the facility with which today's players can perform them. Aesthetically, I am drawn to a variety of microtonal music, ranging from ethnic music (gagaku, gamelan, and pansori) to the composed works of Michael Finnissy, Harry Partch, and Tristan Murail.

My use of microtonal intervals has always been structural, rather than ornamental. Tangible harmonic relationships are created by Mod24 interval-class invariances within pitch-class set types manipulated in various ways. Thee pitch-class sets are then distinguished on the musical surface using other parameters: rhythm, timbre, register, articulation, and amplitude.

The choice of pitch-class set types is determined by a generating set from which subsets and supersets are created. By imbuing these smaller and larger derived sets with all or some of the intervallic content of the generating set, the harmonic environment of the work is characterized by the emphasis or suppression of certain interval classes. Sets are articulated musically by exploiting changes in musical parameters from gesture to gesture, phrase to phrase, and section to section. This encourages the perception of related grouping structures on local and global levels.

My choice of generating sets and their subsets and supersets is determined by my own perceptions and degrees of similarity among the derived sets. With regard to quartertonal intervals, I avoid interval classes that produce "perfect" intervals (fourths, fifths, octaves, excepting unisons) raised or lowered by a quartertone. I prefer quartertones around seconds, thirds, sixths, and sevenths. (I avoid quartertonal intervals that occur between these two types of intervals, such as major thirds raised by a quartertone or a minor sixth lowered by a quartertone, as well.) My preferences stem from the fact that my ear is easily drawn toward semitonal perfect intervals when they are raised or lowered by microtones; the microtonal variants somehow seem like distortions of the perfect intervals. I do not experience this with other intervals. I can only anecdotally posit that this results from of my perception of the imperfections of the equal-tempered tuning system and the prevalence of perfect intervals in the lower portion of the overtone series.

Despite the technical accomplishment of musicians dedicated to performing microtonal works, some microtonal figures are still impractical on traditional instruments. Additionally, I do not want to discard the timbral vitality of keyboard and percussion instruments simply because they are limited to semitones. To address these issues, I often create two groups of pitch-class sets as the harmonic material for my works: one semitonal and one quartertonal. These are also related by interval class content; semitonal sets are often subsets of larger-cardinality quartertonal sets. By interchanging the two kinds of sets within passages, I achieve a harmonic continuity that facilitates rapid figurations in the instruments in all registers, while successfully integrating semitonal instruments when I choose to use them.

Biography
JASON ECKARDT (b. 1971) has been recognized through commissions from Carnegie Hall, the Koussevitzky Foundation, the Guggenheim Museum, the Fromm Foundation at Harvard University, and percussionist Evelyn Glennie; awards from the League of Composers/ISCM (National Prize), Deutsche Stadt Wesel (Symposium NRW Prize), ASCAP, the University of Illinois (Martirano Prize), and Columbia University (Rapoport Prize); and fellowships from Fondation Royaumont, the MacDowell and Millay Colonies, the National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts, the Fritz Reiner Center, the Composers Conference, the Atlantic Center for the Arts, Meet the Composer, and the Yvar Mikhashoff Trust for New Music.

Major festivals have programmed his works, including the ISCM World Music Days (1999, 2000), Darmstadt, Voix Nouvelles, Musik im 20. Jahrhundert, Musica Nova Sofia, Currents in Musical Thought-Seoul, New Consortium, International Review of Contemporary Music, Festival of New American Music, and the International Bartok Festival. Eckardt's music has been broadcast by the BBC, Saarl E4ndischer Rundfunk, Radio Socioculturelle, WKCR, the Australian Broadcasting Company, WBAI, and Cultura FM EspaF1a.

Recently released recordings include Echoes' White Veil by pianist Marilyn Nonken on CRI (877) and Transience by Makoto Nakura on Helicon/Kleos (KL 5116). Flutist Nancy Ruffer=92s recording of Multiplicities will be released by Metier in late 2002. Two portrait CDs are currently in production for Mode (After Serra, Polarities, Tangled Loops, A Glimpse Retraced by Ensemble 21) , and Metier (Tongues, Paths of Resistance, by the Libra Ensemble).

Also active as a promoter of new music, Eckardt co-founded and serves as the Executive Director of Ensemble 21, the contemporary music performance group in New York City. Under his leadership, the critically acclaimed Ensemble has earned a reputation for innovative programming and top-caliber performances, premiered over thirty works, and recorded for the CRI and Mode labels.

Eckardt received a doctorate in composition at Columbia University as a Presidential Fellow. In 1992, Eckardt graduated cum laude from Berklee College of Music where he was awarded the Richard Levy Scholarship. He has attended masterclasses with Milton Babbitt, James Dillon, Brian Ferneyhough, Jonathan Harvey, and Karlheinz Stockhausen. He has taught at Columbia University, the University of Illinois, and Rutgers University.